as ‘a gnosticizing version of the Gospels, especially Luke’ is—apart from the Gnostic element—very hard to justify from the text.12 Thomas is a disjointed and largely unstructured collection of logia attributed to Jesus. The gospels are highly structured narratives of the (birth,) ministry, death and resurrection of Jesus with numerous logia incorporated. Both Thomas and the canonical gospels contain a mass of logia not found in the other. Those which are held in common nevertheless regularly exhibit
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